Ace the AP Biology Challenge 2025 – Unleash Your Inner Scientist and Conquer the Course!

Question: 1 / 490

Where are extranuclear genes located?

In the nucleus of the cell

In the cytoplasm of organelles

Extranuclear genes are located in the cytoplasm of organelles, specifically within mitochondria and chloroplasts. These organelles contain their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA found in the cell's nucleus. This extranuclear DNA is involved in encoding proteins that are essential for the functions of the organelles, such as energy production in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. The presence of this genetic material supports the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that these organelles originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. Thus, the correct answer highlights the unique genetic contributions of organelles outside the nucleus to cellular function.

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In the cell membrane

In the ribosomes

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